Laying the Foundation for Fertile Soils in Spring
Even though winter is still in full swing, farmers and gardeners can already lay the groundwork for a successful spring season. As soon as temperatures rise and the soil thaws, it is the ideal time to apply humus or organic soil improvers. This measure enhances the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil and sustainably contributes to soil fertility.
Humus: The Key to Healthy Soils
Humus comprises the total organic matter in the soil. It includes all living and decomposed organisms, such as plant residues, bacteria, fungi, and soil fauna. Through microbial activity, this organic matter is converted into stable humus, which can persist for thousands of years and plays a crucial role in determining soil structure and fertility. Humus acts as a natural water reservoir, binding nutrients in the soil and making them available to plants. It improves soil structure by loosening compacted soils and stabilising overly loose ones. In clay soils, humus promotes crumb structure, while in sandy soils, it increases water retention capacity. Additionally, it protects the soil from extreme temperatures, prevents drying out and erosion, and enhances resilience to climate fluctuations.
Humus as a Nutrient Reservoir & Climate Protector
A high humus content in the soil increases nutrient availability. Studies show that 1% humus in the top 30 cm of soil can store up to 2,500 kg of nitrogen per hectare. This reduces the need for synthetic fertilisers, lowering costs and benefiting the environment. Thus, humus not only stores water and nutrients but also plays a vital role in climate protection. It can bind between 2 and 25 tonnes of CO₂ per hectare per year, meaning that humus-rich soil management actively contributes to reducing greenhouse gas
Soil Preparation in Winter: Why Act Now?
Winter provides an excellent opportunity to prepare the soil for the next growing season. Once the ground thaws during mild temperatures, organic materials such as compost or manure can be applied. This supports soil microbiology, ensuring that nutrients are readily available by spring sowing. Planting cover crops or leaving crop residues in the field also helps enrich humus and prevents nutrient loss through leaching.
Conclusion: Preparing the Soil for Spring
Although winter is traditionally seen as a resting period, there are many ways to promote soil fertility now. Applying organic soil enhancers like compost or manure, creating mulch layers, or growing cover crops can optimally prepare the soil for the spring season. A humus-rich soil not only supports healthy plant growth and improves yields but also actively contributes to climate protection. Now is the perfect time to take the first step towards fertile soils and sustainable agriculture.